Gender and Entrepreneurial Performance, the Case of Brazilian Manufacturing Sector
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Abstract
Using two rounds of Brazil’s enterprises’ panel data collected by the World Bank (WB) through surveys conducted in 2003 and 2009, the researcher analyze the gender-based firm performance gap. Researcher has mainly focused on the manufacturing sector. The study used pooled cross section data. The logarithm of sales, logarithm of number of employees, and labor productivity are regressed on a gender dummy and a rich set of control variables. Logistic regression used to analyze gender-based export propensity gap. Finally, Blinder and Oaxaca’s decomposition used to shed light on the contribution of each explanatory variable to the gender-based firm performance gap. The explanatory variables partially explain the gender-based gap in firm size, and labor productivity. The gender-based export propensity gap vanishes when these explanatory variables are considered. Among others, the following factors have contributed to women-owned firms performing less in terms of the above-mentioned firm performance measurements: - having less international recognition, lower firm age, working fewer hours, forms of ownership (being limited to sole ownership), having less access to training, and concentration in big cities.
Plain English summary:- Are women owned firms perform less than men owned firms even after considering other explanatory variables? Women entrepreneurs have lower firm performance in terms of sales, number of employees, labor productivity, and export propensity. However, after considering other explanatory variables, there is no gender based export propensity. Some parts of gender-based performance gap are explained by the difference in international recognition, firm age, working hours, ownership type, access to training, and location difference between male and female entrepreneurs. The analysis conducted on two rounds of Brazil’s enterprises’ panel data collected by the World Bank. This study has import implication for policy makers, Governmental and Non-Governmental organizations working of gender equality and enterprises.
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