THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELAMEKOMANMADE RESERVOIR, DEBRE TABOR, SOUTH GONDAR, AUGUST 2009 TO MAY 2010
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
The physico-chemical and biological characteristics of Selameko reservoir, Debre Tabor, South Gondar, were studied for one year from August 1/2009 to May 5/2010. Water quality parameters, such as temperature, transparency, water depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, phosphate, nitrate, and silicate were measured in situ from two sites (littoral and open water zone) of the reservoir. All biological parameters were analyzed in Tana Fisheries and other Aquatic Organisms Research Center. Water temperature reservoir ranged from 18.7 to 24.2°C, water depth (only for open zone) from 10.5 m to 13.04 m, pH from 7.01 to 8.01, DO from 5.0 to 6.15 mg/l, transparency depth from 32 to 97 cm, TDS from 67.1 to 137.2 ppm, NO3-N from 0.1 to 2 mg/l, PO4-P from 0.08 to 0.83 mg/l and Silicate from 0.09 to 22.5 mg/l. Chlorophyll-a varied from 11.02 to 39.29 µg/l. ANOVA result of the physic-chemical parameters including chlorophyll-a showed significant difference among seasons and between sites (p<0.05). A total of 7 families, 36 genera from 3 groups (Diatom, Blue green algae and Green algae) of phytoplankton were identified during the study period. From all groups, diatoms were the most abundant at both sites and Blue- green algae were the least abundant. Phytoplankton abundance showed highly significant difference among seasons and between sites (ANOVA, p<0.05). A total of 16 genera from 3 taxonomic groups of zooplankton were recorded during the study period. Zooplankton had significant difference among seasons and between sites (ANOVA, p<0.05), but not Rotifera between in sites. The reservoir water provided lots of services to the beneficiaries and the surrounding communities, such as irrigation; watering livestock, washing clothes and utensils, recreation, etc. The study concluded that the ecology of the reservoir is under strong anthropogenic pressure like presence for agricultural practice near the peripheral of reservoir, absence of wetland vegetation due to overgrazing and deforestation, presence of accumulated municipal wastes and sediments, dam crack, etc. As a result, some of the physico-chemical parameters were not suitable for fisheries, and the reservoir water was eutrophic (productive) throughout the year. To avoid such anthropogenic pressure, basin and reservoir management are recommended.
تفاصيل المقالة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
كيفية الاقتباس
##plugins.generic.shariff.share##
المراجع
Abood, M.M., Mohammed, T.A., Ghazali, A.H., Mahmud, A.R. and Sidek, L.M. (2009). Study and assessment for sedimentation models applied to impounding reservoirs. J. Eng. Appl Sci. 4(2):152-160.
Abowei, J.FN., Tawari, C.C. and Davies, O.A. (2008). Zooplankton Lower Sombreiro River Niger Delta, Nigeria. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 3(4):1-10.
Alemayehu Mengistu (2006). Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profile. Retrieved on 19/5/2010 From http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/GPC/doc/counprof/ethiopia/ethiopia.htm.
Aquastat Programme (2007). Dam and agriculture in Africa. Water Development and Management Unit (NRLW), Land and Water Division (NRL), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO AQUASTAT Dams Africa – 070524.1-10 pp.
Asriningtyas, V., Meesukko, C., Gajaseni, N. and Voinov, A. (2005). Seasonal water flow trends in conjunction with phytoplankton biovolume in Phetchaburi River, Thailand. J. Sci. Res. Chulalongkorn Univ. 30:161-178.
Atobatele, O.E. and Ugwumba, O.A. (2008). Seasonal variation in the physico-chemistry of a small tropical reservoir (Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Osun, Nigeria). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7(12):1962-1971.
Ayoola, S.O. and Kuton, M.P. (2009). Seasonal variation in
fish abundance and physico-chemical parameters of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 3(5):149-156.
Bennett, B.L. (1998). Land use influences on benthic invertebrate assemblages in Southern Appalachian agricultural streams. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia, 38-45 pp.
Bellingham, K. (2004). Physico-chemical parameters of natural waters. Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.1 -800-452-5272. Retrieved on 25/4/2010, from http://www.stevenswater.com/articles/waterparameters.aspx.
Bhattarai, K.R., Shrestha, B.B. and Lekhak, H.D. (2008). Water quality of Sundarijal Reservoir and its feeding streams in Kathmandu. Bhattarai, Sainik Awasiyaa Mahavidyalaya, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Scientific World 6(6):99-105.
Blomqvist P. and Olsen, P. (1981). Vaxtplanktonkompendium. Uppsala publisher, Germany.
Bezuayehu Tefera (2006). People and dams: Environmental and socio-economic changes induced by a reservoir in Fincha’a Watershed, Western Ethiopia. Doctoral Thesis, Wageningen University, 72 pp.
Bezuayehu Tefera and Sterk, G. (2008). Hydropower-induced land used change in Fincha’a Watershed, Western Ethiopia: Analysis and impacts. Mountain Res. Develop. 28(1):72-80.
Chapman, D. (eds.) (1996). Water quality assessments - A guide to use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring. 2nd ed. Chapman & Hall.
Chattopadhyay C. and Banerjee, T.C. (2007). Temporal changes in environmental characteristics and diversity of net phytoplankton in a freshwater lake. Turk. J. Bot. 31:287-296.
Cowie, G. (eds.) (2002). Reservoirs in Georgia: Meeting water supply needs while minimizing impacts. River Basin Science and Policy Center Institute of Ecology, Building University of Georgia, Athens, 34 pp.
Dagnew Belay (2007). Assessment of causes and extent of land degradation in Hashenge catchment, Southern Tigray. Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Davies, O.A., Abowei, J.F.N. and Otene, B.B. (2009). Seasonal abundance and distribution of plankton of Minichinda Stream, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Am. J. Sci. Res. 2:20-30.
Davie, O.A. and Otene, B.B. (2009). Zooplankton community of Minichinda Stream, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Eur-J. 26(4):490-498.
De-Silva, S.S. and Amarasinghe, U.S. (eds.) (2009). Status of reservoir fisheries in five Asian countries. NACA Monograph No. Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand, 116 pp.
Dirican, S., Musual, H. and Cliek, S. (2009). Some physico-chemical characteristics and rotifers of Camligoze Dam Lake Sssehir, Sivas, Turkey. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8(4):715-719.
Dunn, R.J.K., Ali, A., Lemckert, C.J., Teadale, P.R. and Welsh, D.T. (2007). Short term variability of physico-chemical parameters and the estimated transport of filterable nutrients and Chlorophyll-a in the urbanized Coombabah Lake and Coombabah Creek System, Southern Moreton Bay, Australia. J. Coastal Res.1062-1068.
FAO (2010). Geography, climate and population. Water reports № 29. Retrieved on 22/1/2010, from http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/eritrea/index.stm
Ferdous, Z. and Muktadir A.K.M. (2009). A review: Potentiality of zooplankton as bioindicator. Am. J. Appl. Sci. 6(10):1815-1819.
Fernando, C.H. (ed.) (2002). A guide to tropic freshwater zooplankton identification, ecology and impact on fisheries. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden.
Ganoulis, J. (2009). Risk analysis of water pollution: Water resources: Quantity and quality. 2nd and revised and expanded ed.). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGA, Weinheim.
Garg, R.K., Rao, R.J., Uchchariya, D., Shukla, G. and Saksena, A. (2010). Seasonal variations in water quality and major threats to Ramsagar Reservoir, India. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 4(2):061-076.
Gayoso, A.M. (1998). Long-term phytoplankton studies in the Bahia Blanca estuary, Argentina. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 55:655–660.
Godwyn, R. and Szelg-Wasielewska, E. (2005). The effects of two shallow reservoirs on the
phyto- and bacterioplankton of lowland river. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 14(4):437-444.
Goldman, C.R. and Horne, A.J. (1983). Limnology. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, USA.
Granit, J. and Lindstrom, A. (2009). The role of large scale artificial water storage in the water-food-energy development. (SIWI Reference: 17-122). Stockholm International Water Institute, SIWI. Drottninggatan 33, SE-111 51, Stockholm, Sweden, 9-33 pp.
Heiskary, S. and Markus, H. (2001). Establishing the relationships among nutrient concentration, phytoplankton abundance, and biological oxygen demand in Minnesota, USA, and Rivers. J. Lake Reserv. Manage. 17(4):251-262.
Heiskary, S. and Markus, H. (2003). Establishing relationships among in-stream nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton and periphyton abundance and composition, fish and macro-invertebrate indices, and biochemical oxygen demand in Minnesota USA Rivers. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Environmental Outcomes Division. Final Report to USEPA Region 5.
Henry, R., Carmo, D.C.F. and Bicudo, D.C. (2004). Trophic status of a Brazilian urban reservoir and prognosis about the recovery of water quality. Acta Limnol. Bras.16(3):251-6.
Holdren, C., Jones, W., and Taggart, J. (2001). Managing Lakes and Reservoir. N. Am. Lake Manage. Soc. and Terrene Inst., in coop. with Off. Water Assess. Watershed Prot. Div. U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Madison, WI.
Horne, A.J. and Goldman, C.R. (1994). Understanding lake ecology. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill. Co., New York, New York, USA.
Jackson, R.B., Carpenter, S.R., Dahm, N.C., McKnight, D.M., Naiman, R.J., Postel, S.L. and Running, S.W. (2001). Water in a changing world. Ecol. Soc. Am. 9:1-14.
Jansky, L., Nakayama, M. and Uitto, J.I. (2002). Lakes and Reservoirs as International Water Systems. United Nations University (UNU). Omega Communications, Inc., Tokyo, Japan, 30-45 pp.
Jemal A/Amain (2003) (Unpubl.). Environmental impact assessment (EIA) report on Selameko M.E.D. Unpublished feasibility study in South Gondar, Farta Woreda, Bahir Dar.
Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2005). Common standards monitoring guidance for standing waters. Joint Nature Conservation Committees, 6 pp.
Keiser, J., De Castro, M.C., Maltese, M.F., Bos, R., Tanner, M., Singer, B.H. and Utzinger, J. (2005). Effects of irrigation and large dams on the burden of malaria on a global and regional scale. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene 72(4):392-406.
Kennedy, R.H., Pangburn, T., Ochs, E. Schlagel, J. and Boyd, W. (2000). Decision support for
water resource management: Integration of water control and water quality data. ERDC. WQTN-AM-101 pp.
Khenari, A.G. (2007). Distribution, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the southern parts of Caspian Sea in Iranian waters. Aters. 1-23 pp.
Kobbia, I.A., Hassan, S.K.M. and Shoulkamy, M.A. (1991). Dynamics of phytoplankton succession in the River of Nile at Minia (Upper Egypt) as influenced by agricultural runoff. J. Islamic Acad. Sci. 4(3):234-241.
Korai, A.L., Sahato, G.A., Lashari, K.H. and Arbani, S.N. (2008). Biodiversity in relation to physico-chemical properties of Keenjhar Lake, Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan. Turk. J. Fisheries Aquat. Sci. 8:259-268.
Lee, Y., Yoon, T. and Shah, F. (2009). Economics of integrated watershed and reservoir management. AAEA and ACCI Joint Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 20-25 pp.
Lind, O.T. (1979). Handbook of common methods in Limnology. 2nd ed. The C.V. Mos by Company, St. Louis, Toronto, London.
Little, J.C.L. (2004). Influences of artificial desertification on limnology processes in Lake Samsonvale (North Pine Dam) Greenland, Australia. Griffin University, Australian School of Environmental studies, Faculty of Environmental Science, Greenland, Australia.
Meesukko, C., Gajaseni, C., Peeraponpisal, Y. and Voinova, A. (2007). Relationships between seasonal variation and phytoplankton dynamics in Kaeng Krachan Reservoir, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. The Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn Univ. 7(2):131-143.
Melese Befekadu (2004) (Unpubl.). Environmental impact assessment (EIA) report on Selameko M.E.D. Unpublished feasibility study in South Gondar, Farta woreda, Bahir Dar.
Mohamed, A.S., Thirumaran, G., Arumugam, R. Kannan, R.R. and Anantharaman, P. (2009).
Studies of phytoplankton diversity from Agnitheertham and Kothandaramar Koil
Coastal Waters, Southeast Coast of India. J. Environ. Res. 59(2):119-124.
Moundiotiya, C., Sisodia, R., Kulshreshtha, M. and Bhatia, A.L. (2004). A case study of the
Jamwa Ramgarh Wetland with special reference of physic-chemical properties of water
and its environs. J. Environ. Hydrol. 12(24):1-5.
Mustapha, M.K. (2008). Assessment of the water quality of Oyun Reservoir, Offa, Nigeria, using
selected physico-chemical parameters. Turk. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 8:309-319.
Mustapha, M.K. (2009). Influence of watershed activities on the water quality and fish assemblages of a tropical African reservoir. Turk. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 9:1-8.
Mustapha, M.K. and Omotosho, J.S. (2005). An assessment of the physico-chemical properties of Moro Lake, Kwara State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Appl. Zool. Environ. Biol. 7:73-77.
Nirmal-kumar, J.I., George, B., Kumar, R.N., Sajish, P.R. and Viyol, S. (2009). Assessment of spatial and temporal fluctuations in water quality of a tropical permanent estuarine system-Tapi, West Coast India, 269-275 pp.
Oosterbaan, R.J. (1988). Effectiveness and social/environmental impacts of irrigation projects: A critical review. In: ILRI annual report 1988, pp. 18-34, International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Onyema, I.C. (2007). The phytoplankton composition, abundance and temporal variation of a
polluted estuarine creek in Lagos, Nigeria. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos Nigeria.
Oso, J.A. and Fagbuaro, O. (2008). An assessment of the physic-chemical properties of a tropical reservoir, Southwestern Nigeria. Department of Zoology, University of Ado Ekiti, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
Osondu, C.A. (2008). Phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics of a tropical estuarine system, Imo river estuary, Nigeria. J. Fisheries Int. 3(2):253-264.
Ostojic, A., Comic, L., Curcic, S. and Topuzovic, M. (2005). The Gruza Reservoir – An ecological study. Faculty of Science Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro.
Radwan, A.M. (2005). Some factors affecting the primary production of phytoplankton in Lake Burullus. Egypt. J. Aquat. Res. 31(2):72-88.
Rafique, R.M., Mahboob, S., Ahmad, M. and Saleem, S. (2002). Seasonal limnological variations in Mangla Reservoir at Sukhian, Mirpur (Azad Kashmir). Int. J. Agri. Biol. 1560–8530/2002/04–2–223–226.
SAS (2003). Statistical Analysis System. User’s Guide SAS/STA-t version, 8th edition, SAS, Institute, Inc. Cary, N.C., USA.
Schmirz, R.J. (1996). Introduction to water pollution biology. Gulf Publishing Company. Houston, London, Paris, Zurich, Tokyo.
Scholl, K., and Kiss, K. (2009). Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of zooplankton assemblages (Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda) in the water bodies of the Gemenc Floodplain (Duna-Dráva National Park, Hungary), 73 pp.
Schultz, G.A. (1991). Hydrology of manmade lakes. Proceedings of the Vienna symposium, LAHS Publ.№ 206, Institute of Hydrology, Water Resources and Environmental Techniques, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
Solomon Kibret, McCartney, M., Lautze, J. and Jayasinghe, G. (2009). Malaria transmission in the vicinity of impounded water: Evidence from the Koka Reservoir, Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. IWMI Research Report 132.
SPSS (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows. 3rd ed. Version 16.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.
Stanley, C.D., Clarke, R.A., McNeal, B.L. and Macleod, B.W. (2003). Impact of agricultural land use on nitrate levels in Lake Manatee, Florida. Soil and Water Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida.1-9 pp.
Szilogyi, F., Sorulyody, L., Herodek, S. and Istvanove, V. (1988). The Kis-Belation Reservoir system as a means of controlling eutrophication of Lake Balaton, Hungary, 127-150 pp.
Tamiru Alemayehu (2006). Groundwater occurrence in Ethiopia. UNESCO, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 6 pp.
Temu, W.M. (1995). Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria: A handbook for field observations. Samar publishing limited, the Netherland.
Tundisi, J.G., Matsumura-Tundisi, T., Tundisi, J.E.M., Abe, D.S., Vanucci, D. and Ducrot, R. (2005). Reservoirs: Functioning, multiple use and management. Institute International of Ecology. Inco Project ICA4-2002-10061, FAPESP project:02/09817-5. 1-7 pp.
Tundisi, J.G., Santos, M.A. and Menezes, C.F.S. (2003). Tucurui Reservoir. Brazil.
USEPA (2008). Nutrient criteria technical guidance manual wetlands. EPA Document: EPA-822-B-08-001.
WCD (2000). Dams and development: A new framework for decision-making. Earthscan Publications Ltd., London.
Wetzel, R.G. and Likens, G.E. (2000). Limnological analyses. 3rd ed. Springer (India) Private Limited, New Delhi, India.
Wetzel, R.G. and Likens, G.E. (1991). Limnological analyses. Springer (India) Private Limited. New Delhi, India.
Wetzel, R.G. (1983). Limnology. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, London, Toronto.
White, W.R. and Bettess, R. (1994). The feasibility of flushing sediments through reservoirs. Challenges in African hydrology and water resources. Proceedings of the Harare Symposium. IAHS Publ. 144:577-585.
Winter, T.C., Harvey, J.W., Franke, O.L. and Alley, W.M. (1998). Ground water and surface water: A single resource. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139. Denver, Colorado. 1-11 pp.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the Global Water Partnership (GWP) (2007). Applying environmental assessment for flood management. (APFM Technical Document No. 8, Flood Management Tools Series). The Associated Programme on Flood Management, Japan and the Netherlands. A tool for integrated flood management Version 1.0.
Yamaguchi, E. and Gould, A. (2007). Phytoplankton identification guide. The University of Georgia Marine Education Center and Aquarium.
Yajurvedi, H.N. (2008). A study of growth on co-efficient and relative condition of factor of the major carp (Catla catla) in two lakes differing in water quality. Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006. India.
Zinabu Gebre-Mariam (1998). Human interaction and water quality in the Horn of Africa. Science in Africa: Emerging water management Issues, Philadelphia, PA, 22 pp.