Effect of Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance and Yield of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758) in Cage Culture in Lake Hora- Arsedi, Ethiopia
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This study was conducted at Lake Hora-Arsedi for five months to evaluate the effect of various dietary protein levels on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and on water quality. Eight cages (1 m3 each) were randomly allocated to a duplicate to represent three treatments and a control (T1, T2, T3 and C). Juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from Lake Babogaya and randomly stocked at a rate of 50 fish per cage. Their initial length and weight ranged from 12.71 ± 0.07 to 12.76 ± 0.04 cm and 35.3 ± 0.46 to 36.43 ± 0.70 g, (mean ± SE), respectively. Three diets were prepared in pellet form which consisted of 25%, 35% and 45% dietary protein level from three locally available plant protein sources (wheat bran, wheat flour and niger seed cake) and one animal by product (meat bone meal as the main protein source). Fish in T1, T2 and T3 were fed on 25%, 35% and 45% crude protein, respectively, with the rate of 3% of their body weight, twice a day manually using feeding tray. Fish in control depended only on natural food from the lake. The result showed significant variation (P < 0.05) in final body weight and length, Daily growth rate (DGR), Fulton Condition Factor (FCF), and Visceral to Body Weight Ratio (VBWR). Insignificant variation was observed in Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) among treatments. But, high SGR and best FCR were obtained at 35% crude protein. Over all, best growth performance was observed in fish that received 35% crude protein. The best performing fish’s final weight, final length, DGR, SGR, FCR, FCF and total % of VBWR were 185.76 ± 2.23, 18.51 ± 0.20 cm, 1.00 ± 0.34g/day, 1.079 ± 0.19%/day, 3.69 ± 0.49, 2.45 ± 0.11g/cm3 and 6.67%, respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant variation in survival rate, water quality parameters and plankton abundance. Therefore, this study recommended that a diet containing 35% dietary crude protein for juvenile Nile tilapia is optimum in terms of growth performance and profitability, and does not impact water quality and plankton abundance in cage culture system.
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